In computing world, a server is a piece of computer hardware or software. It provides functionality for other programs or devices which is called clients. Also this architecture is called a client server model. Servers can provide various functionalities like services, sharing data or resources among multiple client. Generally, the types of servers are like database servers, file servers, mall servers, print servers, web servers, game servers or app servers etc. A client process may run on the same device or may connects on multiple device using multiple servers.
A client server system are usually most frequently implemented by the request response model. In this process a client send a request to the server. which performs action and sends response to the client. A computer as “server-class hardware” implies for running servers. Sometimes it is more powerful and reliable than standard personal computers. but similarly large computing clusters may be composed of many relatively simple. To access a data we need to ask an application it retrieve it from specific server.
Operation
Strictly speaking, the term server refers to a computer process. On a network, such a device is called a host. In addition to server, the word serve and service is used. Similarly, It refers to a computer program that turns a computer into a server. Originally used as “servers serve users”. Generally a server is a part of client server model. a servers serves data for clients. A nature between a client and server is like request and response. In principle, computerized process that can be used by another process is a server. Any general purpose computer which is connects to a network can host servers.
Generally a request-response is the most common client-server design. Some others designs are also available such as the publish-subscribe pattern. In the publish-subscribe pattern, Clients register with a pub-sub server, subscribing to specified type of messages. Thereafter, the pub-sub server forwards matching messages to the clients. A server pushes messages to the clients rather client pulling messages from server.
Purpose
Application server
It Hosts web apps which runs inside a web browser allowing users in the network to run and use them. It no needs to install a copy on our own computer. Probably These servers do not need to be part of the world wide web(www). Generally it uses by a computers with a web browser.
Catalog server
It maintains index or table of contents of information which can be found along the large network. such as users, computers file shared on file servers etc. A name servers and directory servers are examples of catalog servers. Generally it uses by any computer program that needs to find something on the network.
Communication server
It maintain an environment needs for one communication endpoint to find other endpoints. communication server may not include a directory of communication endpoints and a presence detection service. It generally depends on the openness and security parameters of the network.
Database server
It maintains and shares any form of database which is an organized collection of data with predefined properties over a network. It generally use in spreadsheets, accounting software, asset management software or virtually any computer.
Fax, file and game server
It shares one or more fax machines over a network, thus eliminating the hassle of physical access. while shares file and folders, storage space to hold files and folders or both over a network. The client of file server is network computer. A game server enables several types of computers or gaming devices to play multiplayer video games. A personal computers or gaming consoles are client of this gaming server.
Media
It shares digital video or audio over network through media streaming. i.e. Spotify for listening music’s from servers, YouTube etc. Only user needs to monitor or speaker connected with the internet.
Proxy
Proxy server acts as an intermediator between a client and a server, accepting incoming traffic from the client and sending it to the server. The Reasons for doing so include content control and filtering, improving traffic performance over a large and complex network.
Web
Generally it hosts web pages. A web server is what makes the world wide web possible. Each website has one or more web servers. Also each server can host multiple websites. Generally It needs only a computer with the web browser.
Majorly Used Servers
Microsoft Server
Microsoft server is operated by Microsoft. It is not open source server. They are provide server’s operating system like Windows10. This operating system is known as Windows Server 20xx. Microsoft Server 2023 is latest version of Microsoft’ s server operating system. In this server operator not need to remember all the command because it’s GUI based server. Operator can operate whole server with help of software. Microsoft provide first 6 month free in server after that you need to pay fees to use it.
Linux Server
Linux server is open source and free. It is mostly work in CLI mode. In Linux server operator not get GUI interface for manage the network. Linux server is more secure then Microsoft server. It provide more security in network. In current world, many company is use the Linux server. Linux server is free and more secure. This is the core reason company preferred the Linux server in their network.
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